The key to Africa’s political and economic transformation in the next decade is found in this aspiration. Indeed, as former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan said, “Good governance is perhaps the single most important factor in eradicating poverty and promoting development.” African countries continue to build on the governance gains that they have achieved since the early 1990s. Good governance should be built on a foundation of (i) effective states, (ii) mobilized civil societies, and (iii) an efficient private sector. The key elements of good governance, then, are accountability, transparency, combatting corruption, citizen participation, and an enabling legal/judicial framework.